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Deutsch - English - Vietnamesisch 1. Obwohl Vietnamesisch (tieng Viet) seit fast 100 Jahren mit lateinischen Buchstaben geschrieben wird, ist es nicht einfach zu erlernen. Denn es ist wie Chinesisch eine Tonsprache, d. h. die Bedeutung eines Wortes ist vom Tonfall des Sprechers abhängig. Vietnamesisch hat 6 verschiedene Tonfälle. Dies wird in der Schrift mittels Zusatzzeichen deutlich gemacht (diakritische Zeichen). Außerdem sind die Wörter einsilbig, haben oft verschiedene Bedeutungen, und ihre Bedeutung kann sich durch die Kombination mit einem anderen Wort völlig ändern. Außerdem haben manche Buchstaben verschiedene Ausprägungen- so gibt es z. B. 3 verschiedene "O" und 2 verschiedene "D". Deshalb kann z.B. das Wort "DOI" bei 6 Tonfällen, 3 verschiedenen "O" und 2 verschiedenen "D" - theoretisch - 36 verschiedene Bedeutungen haben. (Wenn jedes Wort im Schnitt 2 verschiedene Bedeutungen hat, erhöht sich die Zahl auf 72; durch Zusatz anderer Wörter kann es - theoretisch - zu weiteren Bedeutungen kommen.) Dennoch können sich Vietnamesen (z. B. online beim E-mailen oder Chatten) auch ohne Zusatzzeichen verständigen. Auch in der folgenden Zusammenstellung nützlicher Sätze werden die Zusatzzeichen nicht verwendet, da ohnehin ein spezieller Font nötig wäre, um sie zu sehen. Auch Ausspracheregeln werden hier keine gegeben. Sie variieren ohnehin, besonders zwischen Nord- und Südvietnamesisch z. T. stark. (Font: s. u. Link vietnamembassy!) 2. Wie in anderen asiatischen Sprachen werden anstelle der persönlichen Fürwörter meist Verwandtschaftsgrade verwendet. Speziell im Umgang mit Ausländern wird deshalb oft "TOI" (ich, mir, mich) und "BAN" ("Freund") für den Gesprächspartner benutzt. (English Version of Introduction: underneath the table of phrases)
Gute Nacht! (keine Begrüßung!) Good Night! (no greeting!) Tam biet. (Chuc ngu ngon!) Khong sao!/ Khong co gi! Khong dam!(respectful) der Flughafen; die Bank; das Hotel; der Bus; der Taxistand; das Polizeirevier the airport; the bank; the hotel; the bus; the taxi stand; the police station san bay; ngan hang; khach san; xe buyt; ben xe tac-xi; so cong an eins; zwei; drei one; two; three mot; hai; ba vier; fünf; sechs four; five; six bon; nam; sau sieben; acht; neun seven; eight; nine bay; tam; chin zehn; elf; zwölf ten; eleven; twelve muoi; muoi mot; muoi hai Wie spät ist es/ Wie viel Uhr ist es?
zwanzigtausend; zweihunderttausend; zwei Millionen twenty thousand; two hundred thousand; 2 million hai muoi nghin (hai van); hai tram nghin (hai muoi van); hai trieu
English Version 1. Although Vietnamese (tieng Viet) has been written for nearly 100 years with Latin letters, is not simple it to learn. Because like Chinese it is a tone language, i.e. the meaning of a word depends on the speaker's intonation. Vietnamese has 6 different tones. This is made clear in the writing by means of additional signs (diacritical signs). In addition, the words are one-syllable, often have different meanings, and their meaning can change completely in combination with another word. In addition, some letters have different values or pronunciations - there are, e.g. 3 different "O" and 2 different "D". Therefore, e.g. the word "DOI" with 6 tones, 3 different "O" and 2 different "D" can have - theoretically - 36 different meanings. (If each word has on average 2 different meanings, that increases the number to 72; by adding other words it - theoretically - can result in even more meanings.) Nevertheless, Vietnamese people can communicate (e.g. on-line with e-mailing or chatting) also without additional signs. Also in the table of useful phrases above, the additional signs are not used, since a special Font would be necessary, anyway, in order to see them. Pronunciation rules are not given here, either. They vary anyway, partly strongly, especially between North and South Vietnamese. (Font: cf. below Link vietnamembassy!) 2. Usually, as in other Asiatic languages family ranks are used instead of the personal pronouns. That's why especially when treating foreigners, "TOI" (I, me) and "BAN" ("friend") - for the interlocutor - are used. Or as my dear friend and colleague puts it, in her blog: VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE Many foreigners see that Vietnamese is too hard to study. Yes, I agree. There is a saying: “Phong ba bão táp không bằng ngữ pháp Vietnam”. It literally means “Tempests or typhoons are not as “violent” as Vietnamese grammar (of course, vocabulary)”. In fact, like any other languages it takes time to master Vietnamese. When you know Vietnamese, you will find it as pretty as a nice girl. hihihi. Vietnamese is basically a monosyllabic language having six tones ( sắc- acute (á), huyền - grave (à), hỏi -question (ả), ngã- tilde (ã), nặng -drop (ạ)), which give the language a sing-song effect. A word can be repeated with any one of six tones to indicate six different meanings. For example, the word “ma” has six different meanings according to the tone which the word carries: ghost (ma); cheek (má) ; but (mà), which, who; tomb (mả) ; horse (mã); young rice seedling (mạ). * Vietnamese is very different from English - Verbs do not change forms. When you want to express something happened in the past, add “ðã”; something in the future, add “sẽ”, something continuously happens , add “ðang”. The present perfect tense in English is often implied “ðã, ðang và sẽ”. - Articles are not used - Nouns do not have plural endings - There are no prefixes, no suffixes It is complex to distinguish pronouns. For example, when you (a male) talk to a male elder , you can call him “anh” and he will call you “em”. However when you talk to a female elder, you can call her “chị” and she will call you “em”. It is too complex, isn’t it? Vietnamese complex vocabulary reflects basic cultural values. There are still many things to tell you about the language. I hope that you can find it somewhat interesting to study more. It is interesting to talk to a Vietnamese person in Vietnamese. We all appreciate your attempt to learn our language. I am willing to help you. hihihi Links: Online-Wörterbuch/ Online Dictionary English-Vietnamese: http://www.whats-on-vietnam.com/ http://www.dse.de/za/lis/vietnam/homepage.htm http://www.vietnamembassy-usa.org/tv/ (Viet font!) Sprachkurs/ Language Course: www.nhandan.org.vn/vietnamese/daytiengviet/tiengviet.html |